ARRAYS

Arrays in Java are a fundamental data structure that allow you to store multiple values of the same type in a single variable. Here's an in-depth explanation of arrays in Java:

1. Declaration and Initialization

Declaration: You can declare an array by specifying the type of its elements and the array's name.

int[] numbers;
String[] names;

Initialization: You can initialize an array at the time of declaration or later in your code.

// Initialization at the time of declaration
int[] numbers = new int[5];
String[] names = new String[3];

// Initialization with values
int[] primes = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11};
String[] fruits = {"Apple", "Banana", "Cherry"};

2**. Accessing Array Elements**

Array elements are accessed using their index, which starts at 0. You can use the array's name followed by the index in square brackets.

int firstPrime = primes[0]; // Accessing the first element
String firstFruit = fruits[0]; // Accessing the first element

System.out.println(firstPrime); // Output: 2
System.out.println(firstFruit); // Output: Apple

3. Modifying Array Elements

You can modify the elements of an array by assigning new values to specific indices.

numbers[0] = 10;
numbers[1] = 20;

fruits[1] = "Blueberry";

System.out.println(numbers[0]); // Output: 10
System.out.println(fruits[1]);  // Output: Blueberry

4. Array Length

The length of an array can be determined using the length property.

int numberOfPrimes = primes.length;
int numberOfFruits = fruits.length;

System.out.println(numberOfPrimes); // Output: 5
System.out.println(numberOfFruits); // Output: 3

5. Iterating Over Arrays

You can use loops to iterate over array elements.

// Using a for loop
for (int i = 0; i < primes.length; i++) {
    System.out.println(primes[i]);
}

// Using an enhanced for loop
for (String fruit : fruits) {
    System.out.println(fruit);
}